Quadrilateral.h

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/*
* Copyright 2020 Axel Waggershauser
*/
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
#pragma once
 
#include "Point.h"
 
#ifdef ZXING_INTERNAL
#include "ZXAlgorithms.h"
#endif
 
#include <array>
#include <cmath>
#include <string>
 
namespace ZXing {

template <typename T>
class Quadrilateral : public std::array<T, 4>
{
    using Base = std::array<T, 4>;
    using Base::at;
public:
    using Point = T;
 
    Quadrilateral() = default;
    Quadrilateral(T tl, T tr, T br, T bl) : Base{tl, tr, br, bl} {}
    template <typename U>
    Quadrilateral(PointT<U> tl, PointT<U> tr, PointT<U> br, PointT<U> bl)
        : Quadrilateral(Point(tl), Point(tr), Point(br), Point(bl))
    {}
 
    constexpr Point topLeft() const noexcept { return at(0); }
    constexpr Point topRight() const noexcept { return at(1); }
    constexpr Point bottomRight() const noexcept { return at(2); }
    constexpr Point bottomLeft() const noexcept { return at(3); }

    double orientation() const
    {
        auto centerLine = (topRight() + bottomRight()) - (topLeft() + bottomLeft());
        if (centerLine == Point{})
            return 0.;
        auto centerLineF = normalized(centerLine);
        return std::atan2(centerLineF.y, centerLineF.x);
    }
};
 
using QuadrilateralF = Quadrilateral<PointF>;
using QuadrilateralI = Quadrilateral<PointI>;
 
template <typename T>
std::string ToString(const Quadrilateral<PointT<T>>& points)
{
    std::string res;
    for (const auto& p : points)
        res += std::to_string(p.x) + "x" + std::to_string(p.y) + (&p == &points.back() ? "" : " ");
    return res;
}
 
#ifdef ZXING_INTERNAL
 
template <typename PointT = PointF>
Quadrilateral<PointT> Rectangle(int width, int height, typename PointT::value_t margin = 0)
{
    return {
        PointT{margin, margin}, {width - margin, margin}, {width - margin, height - margin}, {margin, height - margin}};
}
 
template <typename PointT = PointF>
Quadrilateral<PointT> Rectangle(int x0, int x1, int y0, int y1, typename PointT::value_t o)
{
    return {PointT{x0 + o, y0 + o}, {x1 + o, y0 + o}, {x1 + o, y1 + o}, {x0 + o, y1 + o}};
}
 
template <typename PointT = PointF>
Quadrilateral<PointT> Rectangle(int left, int top, int width, int height)
{
    int right  = left + width - 1;
    int bottom = top + height - 1;
 
    return {PointT{left, top}, {right, top}, {right, bottom}, {left, bottom}};
}
 
template <typename PointT = PointF>
Quadrilateral<PointT> CenteredSquare(int size)
{
    return Scale(Quadrilateral(PointT{-1, -1}, {1, -1}, {1, 1}, {-1, 1}), size / 2);
}
 
template <typename PointT = PointI>
Quadrilateral<PointT> Line(int y, int xStart, int xStop)
{
    return {PointT{xStart, y}, {xStop, y}, {xStop, y}, {xStart, y}};
}
 
template <typename PointT>
bool IsConvex(const Quadrilateral<PointT>& poly)
{
    const int N = Size(poly);
    bool sign = false;
 
    typename PointT::value_t m = INFINITY, M = 0;
 
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        auto d1 = poly[(i + 2) % N] - poly[(i + 1) % N];
        auto d2 = poly[i] - poly[(i + 1) % N];
        auto cp = cross(d1, d2);
 
        // TODO: see if the isInside check for all boundary points in GridSampler is still required after fixing the wrong fabs()
        // application in the following line
        UpdateMinMax(m, M, std::fabs(cp));
 
        if (i == 0)
            sign = cp > 0;
        else if (sign != (cp > 0))
            return false;
    }
 
    // It turns out being convex is not enough to prevent a "numerical instability"
    // that can cause the corners being projected inside the image boundaries but
    // some points near the corners being projected outside. This has been observed
    // where one corner is almost in line with two others. The M/m ratio is below 2
    // for the complete existing sample set. For very "skewed" QRCodes a value of
    // around 3 is realistic. A value of 14 has been observed to trigger the
    // instability.
    return M / m < 4.0;
}
 
template <typename PointT>
Quadrilateral<PointT> Scale(const Quadrilateral<PointT>& q, int factor)
{
    return {factor * q[0], factor * q[1], factor * q[2], factor * q[3]};
}
 
template <typename PointT>
PointT Center(const Quadrilateral<PointT>& q)
{
    return Reduce(q) / Size(q);
}
 
template <typename PointT>
Quadrilateral<PointT> RotatedCorners(const Quadrilateral<PointT>& q, int n = 1, bool mirror = false)
{
    Quadrilateral<PointT> res;
    std::rotate_copy(q.begin(), q.begin() + ((n + 4) % 4), q.end(), res.begin());
    if (mirror)
        std::swap(res[1], res[3]);
    return res;
}
 
template <typename PointT>
bool IsInside(const PointT& p, const Quadrilateral<PointT>& q)
{
    // Test if p is on the same side (right or left) of all polygon segments
    int pos = 0, neg = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < Size(q); ++i)
        (cross(p - q[i], q[(i + 1) % Size(q)] - q[i]) < 0 ? neg : pos)++;
    return pos == 0 || neg == 0;
}
 
template <typename PointT>
Quadrilateral<PointT> BoundingBox(const Quadrilateral<PointT>& q)
{
    auto [minX, maxX] = std::minmax({q[0].x, q[1].x, q[2].x, q[3].x});
    auto [minY, maxY] = std::minmax({q[0].y, q[1].y, q[2].y, q[3].y});
    return {PointT{minX, minY}, {maxX, minY}, {maxX, maxY}, {minX, maxY}};
}
 
template <typename PointT>
bool HaveIntersectingBoundingBoxes(const Quadrilateral<PointT>& a, const Quadrilateral<PointT>& b)
{
    auto bba = BoundingBox(a), bbb = BoundingBox(b);
 
    bool x = bbb.topRight().x < bba.topLeft().x || bbb.topLeft().x > bba.topRight().x;
    bool y = bbb.bottomLeft().y < bba.topLeft().y || bbb.topLeft().y > bba.bottomLeft().y;
    return !(x || y);
}
 
template <typename PointT>
Quadrilateral<PointT> Blend(const Quadrilateral<PointT>& a, const Quadrilateral<PointT>& b)
{
    auto dist2First = [r = a[0]](auto s, auto t) { return distance(s, r) < distance(t, r); };
    // rotate points such that the the two topLeft points are closest to each other
    auto offset = std::min_element(b.begin(), b.end(), dist2First) - b.begin();
 
    Quadrilateral<PointT> res;
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        res[i] = (a[i] + b[(i + offset) % 4]) / 2;
 
    return res;
}
 
#endif
 
} // ZXing